china financial reforms China's Tongzhi Restoration and Self-Strengthening Movement (1860-1895) | History of China

Consider Supporting HoH: https://www.patreon.com/HouseofHistory The once-mighty Imperial China had faced enormous hardships by the 1860s: the Taiping rebellion, two Opium wars, multiple concurrent rebellions and several devastating natural disasters. The country was backwards in terms of military compared to Western powers. Fortunately, several important commanders were aware that China was in need of modernisation, marking the beginning of the self-strengthening movement under Prince Gong. The mother of the young Tongzhi Emperor, Empress Dowager Cixi, was an arch-conservative however, and would slowly but surely go further and further in her attempts to obstruct reforms... Even as far as murder.

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Time Codes:

0:57 Tongzhi Restoration
3:24 Self-strengthening movement
6:57 Empress Dowager Cixi and Tongzhi
9:22 Weakness of the self-strengthening movement
11:56 Epilogue

Sources:

Baum, R. (2010). The Fall and Rise of China. The Great Courses: Modern History.
Fairbank, J. K., & Reischauer, E. O. (1989). China: tradition & transformation (Vol. 57). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Horst, D. (1977). Geschiedenis van China. Het Spectrum.
Spence, J. D. (1990). The search for modern China. WW Norton & Company.

Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons


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china financial reforms China's Tongzhi Restoration and Self-Strengthening Movement (1860-1895) | History of China
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